Differentiate between formative and summative assessment and give an example of each in fire service training.

• A. Formative assessment occurs during instruction to guide learning (e.g., quick checks); summative assessment evaluates competency at course end (e.g., final skill demonstration or written test)
• B. Formative assessment is only at the end
• C. Summative assessment is ongoing during instruction
• D. Formative assessment uses only written tests

Answer: (A)